Beginner · Unit 5 · B44
Có thể... không? — Ability, possibility and polite requests
Use có thể for possibility and ability, then see how có thể...không? becomes a useful request pattern without treating every English “can” the same way.
What you will learn
Có thể is a useful Vietnamese expression for possibility or ability. The question form có thể... không? can also make requests. But English “can” has many functions, so you should not translate it mechanically every time.
1. Có thể + action
- Tôi có thể đi. — I can/am able to go.
- Anh có thể giúp. — I can help, said as anh.
- Chị có thể đến ngày mai. — She/you can come tomorrow, depending on relationship.
2. Có thể also expresses possibility
- Chiều nay có thể mưa. — It may rain this afternoon.
- Anh ấy có thể đến muộn. — He may arrive late.
Here có thể is about what is possible, not a learned skill.
3. Có thể... không? — can/could ...?
- Anh có thể giúp tôi không? — Can you help me?
- Chị có thể nói chậm lại không? — Could you speak more slowly?
- Em có thể viết lại không? — Can you write it again?
This is a useful clear request pattern for learners.
4. Natural Vietnamese often has shorter request patterns
Depending on situation and relationship, Vietnamese may also say:
- Giúp tôi với.
- Nói chậm lại một chút nhé.
- Cho em xem với.
These are not identical in tone or structure. Có thể... không? is useful, but it is not the only way Vietnamese makes a request.
5. Biết and có thể are not identical
Compare:
- Tôi biết bơi. — I know how to swim.
- Hôm nay tôi có thể bơi. — I can/am able to swim today.
Biết can express learned ability. Có thể can express current possibility, opportunity or ability.
6. Được can also express possibility or permission
You will often hear:
- Ở đây chụp hình được không? — Is it okay/can one take photos here?
- Tôi ngồi đây được không? — May I sit here?
Được has many uses and deserves its own later treatment. For now, recognize that Vietnamese does not map every English “can” to có thể.
7. A short conversation
Khách: Em có thể giúp anh không?
Nhân viên: Dạ được. Anh cần gì ạ?
Khách: Anh chưa hiểu cái này. Em có thể giải thích không?
Nhân viên: Dạ, được ạ.
8. Negative: không thể
- Tôi không thể đi hôm nay. — I cannot go today.
- Không thể. — Impossible/cannot, depending on context.
Không thể can sound stronger than a simple situational refusal. If you merely do not want to do something, không muốn is different.
9. Compare muốn, cần and có thể
- Tôi muốn đi. — I want to go.
- Tôi cần đi. — I need to go.
- Tôi có thể đi. — I can/am able to go.
The action is the same; the speaker’s viewpoint changes.
10. Useful vocabulary
- có thể — can/may/be possible
- không thể — cannot/impossible
- nói chậm lại — speak more slowly
- viết lại — write again/rewrite
- một chút — a little
- chụp hình / chụp ảnh — take a photo; regional/preference variation
- ngồi — sit
11. Vietnam in real life
A grammatically longer request is not automatically more polite, and a short request is not automatically rude. Vietnamese politeness also depends on address terms, dạ/ạ, particles, tone and situation. Có thể... không? is a safe useful tool, not the entire politeness system.
12. Common beginner mistakes
- Translating every English “can” as có thể.
- Confusing knowing how to do something with being able to do it in the current situation.
- Using không thể when the real meaning is simply “I do not want to”.
Try it
- Ask someone to speak more slowly.
- Say that it may rain this afternoon.
- Say that you cannot go today.
- Explain the difference between biết bơi and có thể bơi hôm nay.
Quick recap
Có thể covers ability and possibility, and có thể... không? is a useful request pattern. But Vietnamese also uses biết, được and situational request forms for meanings that English may package as “can”.
Explore & practice
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