Beginner · Unit 2 · B12
Có và không có — Saying what exists
Use có and không có to say that something exists or does not exist, with everyday examples from places, food and objects.
What you will learn
Có is one of the most common words in Vietnamese. In this lesson, you will use có to say that something exists or is available, and không có to say it does not.
1. Có — there is / there are
Vietnamese often uses có where English uses “there is/there are”.
- Ở đây có cà phê. — There is coffee here.
- Trong nhà có ba người. — There are three people in the house.
- Gần đây có siêu thị. — There is a supermarket nearby.
2. Không có — there is not / there are not
- Ở đây không có nhà vệ sinh. — There is no restroom here.
- Hôm nay không có lớp. — There is no class today.
- Quán này không có cà phê sữa. — This café does not have milk coffee.
3. Location often comes first
A common pattern is:
Place + có + thing.
- Ở đây có nước.
- Trong phòng có máy lạnh.
- Trên bàn có điện thoại.
Vietnamese often organizes the sentence around the place or topic first.
4. Có also has other uses
You have already seen có in questions such as Có xa không?. Later you will also use it for possession and other patterns.
Do not expect one English word to cover every use of có.
5. A short conversation
Khách: Chị ơi, ở đây có wifi không?
Nhân viên: Dạ có.
Khách: Có mật khẩu không chị?
Nhân viên: Có. Mật khẩu ở trên bàn ạ.
Khách: Dạ, cảm ơn chị.
6. Short answers
When the question uses có...không?, short answers are often:
- Có. — Yes / there is / have, depending on question.
- Không. — No.
- Không có. — There isn’t / don’t have.
- Dạ có. — Yes, politely.
- Dạ không có. — No, politely.
7. Useful vocabulary
- có — exist / have / yes in certain patterns
- không có — not exist / not have
- ở đây — here
- trong — in/inside
- trên — on/above
- gần đây — nearby
- phòng — room
- máy lạnh — air conditioner, common southern usage
- mật khẩu — password
8. Vietnam in real life
Words for everyday objects can vary regionally. For example, air conditioner may be called máy lạnh or điều hòa. The grammar có / không có stays useful regardless of the regional vocabulary.
9. Common beginner mistake
Do not force the English phrase “there is” into a word-for-word Vietnamese structure. Learn the Vietnamese pattern directly: Ở đây có...
Try it
- Say “There is a supermarket nearby.”
- Say “There is no restroom here.”
- Ask whether there is wifi.
- Answer politely with dạ có.
Quick recap
Có can say that something exists or is available. Không có gives the negative. A very common order is place + có + thing.
Explore & practice
Go beyond this lesson.
Use another part of Learn Vietnamese or step into a different corner of Ideal Space.
Pronunciation & Reading
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The six Vietnamese tones
A dedicated guide to tone contrasts, regional differences and practice.
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