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Beginner · Unit 2 · B14

Tôi không... — Basic negation in Vietnamese

Use không before verbs and adjectives to make basic negative sentences without treating Vietnamese negation like English auxiliary verbs.

Beginner Unit 2 Lesson 14 of 107

What you will learn

This lesson teaches the basic negative word không. Vietnamese usually does not need English-style auxiliary verbs such as “do/does” to form a simple negative sentence.

1. Không + verb

  • Tôi không biết. — I don’t know.
  • Tôi không hiểu. — I don’t understand.
  • Em không ăn thịt. — I don’t eat meat, said as em.
  • Anh không uống cà phê. — I don’t drink coffee, said as anh.

2. Không + adjective

  • Tôi không mệt. — I’m not tired.
  • Nhà này không lớn. — This house is not big.
  • Quán đó không đắt. — That place is not expensive.

Notice again that Vietnamese does not need là before these adjectives.

3. Không có

When negating có, use không có:

  • Tôi không có xe máy.
  • Ở đây không có nhà vệ sinh.

4. Do not build the sentence through English first

English:

I do not understand.

Vietnamese:

Tôi không hiểu.

There is no separate word corresponding to English “do” in this basic negative structure.

5. A short conversation

Hoa: Anh uống cà phê không?

Ben: Anh không uống cà phê.

Hoa: Anh uống trà không?

Ben: Có. Anh uống trà.

Hoa: Trà đá nhé?

Ben: Được, cảm ơn em.

6. Không can answer by itself

Không may function as a short “no”, but full answers are often clearer for learners:

  • Không, tôi không biết.
  • Không, tôi không có.
  • Dạ không.

7. Không and chưa are different

Compare:

  • Tôi không ăn. — I don’t eat / I am not eating, depending on context.
  • Tôi chưa ăn. — I haven’t eaten yet.

You already met chưa. It will receive a fuller lesson later because it is not simply another form of không.

8. Useful vocabulary

  • không — no / not
  • biết — know
  • hiểu — understand
  • ăn — eat
  • uống — drink
  • mệt — tired
  • lớn — big
  • đắt — expensive
  • chưa — not yet

9. Vietnam in real life

A bare negative can sound stronger or softer depending on tone and relationship. Vietnamese politeness is not created by grammar alone. Dạ không, a relationship term, or a reason may soften a refusal.

10. Common beginner mistake

Do not add là or an English-like auxiliary when it is not needed. Tôi không mệt, not Tôi không là mệt.

Try it

  1. Say “I don’t know.”
  2. Say “I’m not tired.”
  3. Say “I don’t have cash.”
  4. Explain the difference between không ăn and chưa ăn.

Quick recap

Put không before a verb or adjective for basic negation. Use không có to negate có. Vietnamese does not need English-style “do/does” in these simple negative sentences.

Explore & practice

Go beyond this lesson.

Use another part of Learn Vietnamese or step into a different corner of Ideal Space.