Beginner · Unit 12 · B106
Được, không được, ...được không? — Permission and practical possibility
Consolidate familiar Beginner uses of được for permission, practical possibility, acceptance and everyday ability without trying to teach every meaning of the word.
What you will learn
You have already met được many times:
- Đi bộ được không?
- Chuyển khoản được không?
- Dạ được.
- Tôi ăn cay được.
This lesson does not try to explain every use of được.
For Beginner level, you will focus on three practical uses:
- asking whether something is allowed or acceptable;
- asking whether something is practically possible;
- saying that you can or cannot do/tolerate something in a familiar context.
1. ... được không? — Is it okay / can it be done?
A very useful Vietnamese pattern is:
Action + được không?
Examples:
- Ngồi đây được không? — Can I sit here / Is it okay to sit here?
- Ở đây chụp ảnh được không? — Can I take photos here?
- Thanh toán bằng thẻ được không? — Can I pay by card?
- Chuyển khoản được không? — Can I pay by bank transfer?
The exact English translation changes with the situation.
Do not force được to mean one fixed English word.
2. Dạ được / được
A positive answer can be very short:
- Được.
- Dạ được.
- Dạ, được ạ.
The shorter or fuller form depends on relationship and situation.
Được. can mean something like “okay / that works / yes, that is possible”.
3. Không được
- Không được. — No / not allowed / not possible, depending on context.
- Ở đây không được hút thuốc. — Smoking is not allowed here.
- Hôm nay chắc không được. — Today probably will not work / probably cannot.
The situation tells you whether the meaning is prohibition, impossibility or simply that a plan will not work.
4. Permission and practical possibility are not identical
Compare:
- Ở đây đậu xe được không? — Is parking allowed here?
- Từ đây đi bộ được không? — Is it practical/possible to walk from here?
The Vietnamese pattern is similar, but the question is different.
The first is mainly about permission.
The second is about whether the action is realistically possible.
5. Tôi ăn cay được
You have also seen được with familiar abilities or tolerance:
- Tôi ăn cay được. — I can handle spicy food.
- Tôi không ăn cay được. — I cannot handle spicy food.
- Tôi đi bộ xa được. — I can manage walking a long distance.
This does not mean that được is the universal Vietnamese translation of English “can”.
Earlier you learned:
- biết — know how / know;
- có thể — possibility/ability;
- được — permission/practical possibility/acceptability in many common patterns.
They overlap in some situations, but they are not interchangeable everywhere.
6. Compare có thể...không? and ...được không?
Both can make a request or ask about possibility.
- Anh có thể nói chậm lại không?
- Anh nói chậm lại được không?
Both are understandable and natural.
The second is very common in everyday Vietnamese because it asks whether the action can be done.
For a learner, both are useful. Do not search for one sentence that is always “more correct”.
7. A service conversation
Khách: Chị ơi, ở đây thanh toán bằng thẻ được không?
Nhân viên: Dạ được ạ.
Khách: Còn chuyển khoản?
Nhân viên: Dạ, cũng được.
Khách: Vậy tôi chuyển khoản nhé.
Nhân viên: Dạ.
Notice how được answers what is possible or accepted in that situation.
8. A travel conversation
Lan: Từ đây đi bộ đến đó được không?
Minh: Được, nhưng hơi xa.
Lan: Khoảng bao lâu?
Minh: Chắc khoảng hai mươi phút.
Lan: Vậy đi bộ cũng được.
Here được is not about legal permission. It means the plan is possible/acceptable.
9. A plan that does not work
Mai: Tối nay đi ăn nhé?
Nam: Hôm nay chắc không được. Anh phải làm việc.
Mai: Vậy mai?
Nam: Mai được.
This is a very natural conversational use:
- không được — the plan will not work;
- được — the proposed time works.
10. Do not learn every meaning now
You may later see được in many other structures.
You already saw one different use in B103: Hôm nay tôi không được khỏe. Here được is not about permission or practical possibility. At Beginner level, recognize the expression and its softer nuance rather than forcing the permission/possibility meaning from this lesson onto it.
For example, Vietnamese also uses được in structures involving receiving, outcomes or other grammatical meanings.
Those uses are not part of this lesson.
A Beginner learner only needs a small working map:
- ...được không?
- được
- không được
- familiar forms such as ăn cay được
11. Useful vocabulary
- được — okay / possible / allowed / can, depending on context
- không được — not allowed / not possible / does not work, depending on context
- chụp ảnh / chụp hình — take a photo; regional/preference variation
- đậu xe / đỗ xe — park a vehicle; regional/preference variation
- thanh toán — pay/payment
- chuyển khoản — bank transfer
- hút thuốc — smoke
- chắc — probably / likely, depending on context
- khoảng — approximately
- cũng được — also okay / that works too
12. Vietnam in real life
Được không? is common because it is flexible.
The same short pattern can appear when asking:
- whether a payment method is accepted;
- whether you may sit somewhere;
- whether walking is practical;
- whether a time works;
- whether someone can repeat or help.
The relationship still matters. A fuller sentence with a form of address, dạ, ạ, nhé or giúp may sound more suitable in some situations.
13. Common beginner mistakes
- Translating every English “can” as được.
- Thinking không được always means a strict prohibition.
- Trying to learn all meanings of được at once.
- Treating có thể...không? and ...được không? as perfectly identical.
- Forgetting that context tells you what kind of possibility is being discussed.
Try it
- Ask whether you can sit here.
- Ask whether a place accepts bank transfer.
- Say that you cannot handle spicy food.
- Tell someone that tonight does not work.
- Say that tomorrow works.
- Make one pair using có thể...không? and ...được không?.
Quick recap
At Beginner level, keep được practical:
- ...được không? — is it okay / can it be done?
- Được. — okay / yes, that works.
- Không được. — not allowed / not possible / does not work.
- Tôi ăn cay được. — I can handle spicy food.
The exact meaning comes from the situation, not from one fixed English translation.
Explore & practice
Go beyond this lesson.
Use another part of Learn Vietnamese or step into a different corner of Ideal Space.
Pronunciation & Reading
Work on sounds, spelling and tones separately from the communication course.
The six Vietnamese tones
A dedicated guide to tone contrasts, regional differences and practice.
How this course is organized
See the learning path and understand where pronunciation, lessons and vocabulary fit.
Useful word groups
Move from a lesson into grouped vocabulary and later review tools.
Mini learning games
Short games that can turn review into something lighter and more playful.
Video and listening practice
Real pronunciation, short scenes and listening activities can live here later.