Beginner · Unit 3 · B28
Hôm qua, hôm nay, ngày mai — Time through context
Use yesterday, today and tomorrow as the first step toward understanding how Vietnamese often expresses time through context rather than verb tense changes.
What you will learn
Vietnamese verbs do not change form the way English verbs do. One of the most important ways Vietnamese shows time is simply by telling you when something happens.
This lesson starts with three extremely useful time expressions: hôm qua, hôm nay and ngày mai.
1. Hôm qua — yesterday
- Hôm qua tôi đi làm. — Yesterday I went to work.
- Hôm qua trời mưa. — It rained yesterday.
- Hôm qua anh ở nhà. — Yesterday I was at home, said as anh.
The verbs đi and ở do not change form. Hôm qua already places the event in past time.
2. Hôm nay — today
- Hôm nay tôi đi làm.
- Hôm nay em bận.
- Hôm nay trời nóng.
3. Ngày mai — tomorrow
- Ngày mai tôi đi Hà Nội. — Tomorrow I go/am going to Hà Nội.
- Ngày mai chị làm việc.
- Ngày mai anh nghỉ. — Tomorrow I am off/resting, said as anh.
4. The verb can stay exactly the same
Compare:
- Hôm qua tôi đi làm.
- Hôm nay tôi đi làm.
- Ngày mai tôi đi làm.
The verb đi stays unchanged. The time expression tells the listener when the action belongs.
This is a fundamental habit for learning Vietnamese: do not search for a changed verb ending every time time changes.
5. More useful relative-time words
- sáng nay — this morning
- chiều nay — this afternoon
- tối nay — tonight
- sáng mai — tomorrow morning
- tối qua — last night
- hôm kia — the day before yesterday
- ngày kia — the day after tomorrow
6. A short conversation
Lan: Hôm qua anh đi đâu?
Minh: Anh đi Đồng Nai.
Lan: Hôm nay anh có đi làm không?
Minh: Có.
Lan: Còn ngày mai?
Minh: Ngày mai anh nghỉ.
7. Time can come first because it sets the topic
Vietnamese often places the time expression first:
- Hôm qua...
- Hôm nay...
- Ngày mai...
This tells the listener which time frame to use before the main information arrives.
8. You can omit repeated information
Hôm nay anh đi làm không?
Có. Còn ngày mai thì nghỉ.
In the second sentence, the speaker does not need to repeat every subject and verb because the context already carries them.
9. Useful vocabulary
- hôm qua — yesterday
- hôm nay — today
- ngày mai — tomorrow
- tối qua — last night
- sáng mai — tomorrow morning
- hôm kia — day before yesterday
- ngày kia — day after tomorrow
- nghỉ — rest / be off / stop, depending on context
10. Vietnam in real life
Natural Vietnamese often depends on time words and shared context more than on explicit grammatical marking. Once a conversation establishes hôm qua, speakers may continue several sentences without repeating a special “past” marker.
11. Common beginner mistakes
- Trying to change the Vietnamese verb because English changes the verb.
- Assuming every past event must contain đã.
- Assuming every future event must contain sẽ.
Try it
- Say “Yesterday I worked.”
- Say “Today I am busy.”
- Say “Tomorrow I am off.”
- Use the same verb in three sentences with hôm qua, hôm nay, ngày mai.
Quick recap
Vietnamese can locate events in time simply with expressions such as hôm qua, hôm nay, ngày mai. The verb itself does not need to change form.
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