Beginner · Unit 5 · B43
Tôi hiểu / tôi chưa hiểu — Understanding and “not yet”
Use hiểu for understanding, contrast it with biết, and learn why chưa hiểu is often more useful for a learner than a flat không hiểu.
What you will learn
Hiểu means to understand or grasp meaning. For a language learner, the difference between biết, hiểu, không hiểu and chưa hiểu is especially useful.
1. Tôi hiểu — I understand
- Tôi hiểu. — I understand.
- Em hiểu câu này. — I understand this sentence.
- Anh hiểu ý em. — I understand what you mean.
- Chị hiểu rồi. — I understand now / I got it.
2. Không hiểu — do not understand
- Tôi không hiểu.
- Em không hiểu câu này.
- Anh không hiểu ý chị.
Không hiểu is a direct statement that understanding is absent.
3. Chưa hiểu — do not understand yet
Compare:
- Tôi không hiểu. — I do not understand.
- Tôi chưa hiểu. — I do not understand yet.
Chưa leaves open the possibility that understanding can come after more explanation, time or practice. For a learner, chưa hiểu can therefore be a very natural and useful phrase.
4. Biết and hiểu are different
- Tôi biết từ này. — I know/am familiar with this word.
- Tôi hiểu từ này. — I understand this word.
You may biết that a word exists but not fully hiểu its meaning or use.
5. Biết cách and hiểu cách
Compare:
- Tôi biết cách làm. — I know how to do it.
- Tôi hiểu cách làm. — I understand how it works/how to do it.
The overlap can be close, but the viewpoint differs: biết emphasizes having the knowledge; hiểu emphasizes comprehension.
6. Hiểu không? / Hiểu chưa?
- Em hiểu không? — Do you understand?
- Em hiểu chưa? — Do you understand yet / Got it now?
Hiểu chưa? often checks whether the listener has reached understanding after an explanation. Tone matters: it can sound caring, neutral, impatient or demanding.
7. A short classroom conversation
Giáo viên: Em hiểu chưa?
Học viên: Em chưa hiểu chỗ này ạ.
Giáo viên: Chỗ nào?
Học viên: Em biết các từ, nhưng em chưa hiểu cả câu.
Giáo viên: Được, cô giải thích lại nhé.
8. Chỗ này — this part
When you do not understand only one part, say:
- Tôi chưa hiểu chỗ này.
- Em không hiểu từ này.
- Anh chưa hiểu ý này.
This is often more useful than saying that you understand nothing.
9. Hiểu rồi
Hiểu rồi. can mean “I understand now / Got it.”
It combines hiểu with the change/completion meaning of rồi from B30.
10. Useful vocabulary
- hiểu — understand
- không hiểu — do not understand
- chưa hiểu — do not understand yet
- hiểu rồi — understand now/got it
- ý — idea/meaning/intention, depending on context
- cả câu — the whole sentence
- chỗ này — this part/place
- giải thích — explain
11. Vietnam in real life
When communication breaks down, Vietnamese offers several precise responses: không biết if you lack knowledge, không hiểu if meaning is unclear, and chưa hiểu when understanding has not arrived yet. Choosing among them helps the other person know how to help you.
12. Common beginner mistakes
- Using biết and hiểu as if they were identical.
- Using không when the intended meaning is specifically “not yet”.
- Thinking hiểu chưa? always has one fixed emotional tone.
Try it
- Say “I understand.”
- Say “I don’t understand yet.”
- Say “I know the words, but I don’t understand the sentence yet.”
- Ask whether someone understands now.
Quick recap
Biết is knowing; hiểu is understanding. Chưa hiểu is especially useful because it means understanding has not happened yet, not that it never can.
Explore & practice
Go beyond this lesson.
Use another part of Learn Vietnamese or step into a different corner of Ideal Space.
Pronunciation & Reading
Work on sounds, spelling and tones separately from the communication course.
The six Vietnamese tones
A dedicated guide to tone contrasts, regional differences and practice.
How this course is organized
See the learning path and understand where pronunciation, lessons and vocabulary fit.
Useful word groups
Move from a lesson into grouped vocabulary and later review tools.
Mini learning games
Short games that can turn review into something lighter and more playful.
Video and listening practice
Real pronunciation, short scenes and listening activities can live here later.